海水养殖多环境因子在线监测系统的设计与实现     

余心杰  殷姣姣  刘鹰  王建平  卢焕达  范良忠 《海洋科学》2013,37(11):48-53

针对海水养殖中水质、气象参数的自动监测和预警需求, 采用YSI 600R 多参数水质仪和TRM-ZS2 型自动气象站作为养殖现场水质和气象参数在线监测仪, 结合GPRS 无线传输技术和信息处理技术, 设计开发了海水养殖多环境因子在线监测系统。该系统可在线、连续地对水温、酸碱度、溶解氧含量、盐度4 个水质参数以及风速、气压、太阳辐射、雨量4 个气象参数进行测量, 并提供了养殖自动预警功能。系统能实时对海水养殖风险的潜在因子进行监测, 可解决采用人工方式无法满足大规模、集约化海水养殖环境因子监测需要的问题。  相似文献   

山东省海洋牧场建设浅析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑永允  宋爱环  吴莹莹  邹琰  王英俊  于倩倩  宋强 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(Z2):16-19

文章系统梳理了海洋牧场的概念以及国内外海洋牧场的发展概况,并详细分析了山东省海洋牧场建设的发展现状。加强海洋牧场建设将推动山东省继藻、贝、虾、鱼、参五次海水养殖浪潮之后的第六次海水养殖浪潮的发展。  相似文献   

Nutrient and microbial dynamics in eutrophying shrimp ponds affected or unaffected by vibriosis     

Hugues Lemonnier  Claude Courties  Chantal Mugnier  Alain Herbland 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(3):402-121

A field survey was conducted on two intensive shrimp farms using similar technical practices: one (DF) historically affected by a vibriosis, the other (HC) in which the pathogen has been observed although no mortality event has occurred. Because historical data suggest that eutrophication process may directly or indirectly play a role in the disease outbreak, we focussed our research on its dynamics. A higher variability of the phytoplanktonic compartment linked to an imbalance in the molar N:P ratio was observed in farm DF compared to farm HC, implying a modification on the linkage between the bacteria and phytoplankton compartments at DF. The beginning of the mortality outbreak at DF followed a shift from pico- to nanophytoplankton. The organic matter mineralization process at the water-sediment interface may explain the disturbance observed in the water column during eutrophication. The consequences of this disturbance on shrimps’ health status and pathogen ecology are discussed.  相似文献   

Macroalgal bioindicators (growth, tissue N, delta(15)N) detect nutrient enrichment from shrimp farm effluent entering Opunohu Bay, Moorea, French Polynesia     

Lin DT  Fong P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(2):245-249

Nutrient enrichment from shrimp aquaculture poses an increasing environmental threat due to the industry's projected rapid growth and unsustainable management practices. Traditional methods to monitor impacts emphasize water quality sampling; however, there are many advantages to bioindicators, especially in developing countries. We investigated the usefulness of three bioindicators -- growth, tissue nitrogen content and nitrogen stable isotope signature (delta(15)N) -- in the tropical red macroalga Acanthophora spicifera. Algae were collected, cultured, and deployed in a spatial array around the outflow from a shrimp farm in Moorea, French Polynesia, to detect nitrogenous wastes. All three parameters were highest adjacent to the shrimp farm indicating nutrient enrichment, and delta(15)N values confirmed the shrimp farm as the dominant nutrient source (5.63-5.96 per thousand). Isotope ratios proved the most sensitive indicator, as delta(15)N signatures were detected at the most distant sites tested, confirming their usefulness in tracing nutrients and mapping the spatial extent of enrichment.  相似文献   

利用流式细胞计进行虾类倍性检测的研究   总被引：21，自引：5，他引：16  

周岭华  邓田  张晓军  于奎杰  相建海 《海洋科学》1999,23(2):42-46

在生物有机体中,一个细胞核中含的ＤＮＡ总量对于某种类有机体是一定的。利用流式细胞计测量细胞中的ＤＮＡ含量,可以和来鉴别有机体的倍性,本文处次报道了用流式细胞计测定中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）,日本对虾（Ｐ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）和刀额新对虾（Ｍｅｔａｐｅｎａｅｕｓｅｎｓｉｓ）倍性的结果。  相似文献   

Can co-management emerge spontaneously? Collaborative management in Sri Lankan shrimp aquaculture     

《Marine Policy》2015

Shrimp aquaculture in northwestern Sri Lanka shows co-management like features. To understand the reasons behind co-management and to identify the mechanisms by which co-management is carried out, the paper examines shrimp aquaculture operations in three coastal communities using a case study approach. Water from an interconnected lagoon system is the key input for shrimp ponds, but it is also the potential source of shrimp disease outbreaks that threaten all shrimp farms. Farmers try to prevent the spread of disease by co-operating to adjust the timing of water intake and wastewater release. This is done through a zonal crop calendar system which is developed and implemented by a vertically integrated institutional structure with three levels: sub-zonal/community, zonal, and national. Partnerships, overall sharing of power and authority, and learning-by-doing are key features of this collaborative management system. The case shows that adaptive co-management can develop through collaborative problem-solving over time, even in the absence of legal arrangements.  相似文献   

碳氮比对移动床生物膜反应器处理海水养殖废水性能的影响     

吴淑妍  潘云浩  鲁帅领  宋陈光  马晓明  张春蕾  高孟春 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(6):99-108

本文研究碳氮(C/N)比变化对移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)处理海水养殖废水性能的影响。结果表明,当C/N比从7∶1降至3∶1,出水COD浓度无明显变化,平均去除率保持在90%以上。C/N比的变化对脱氮过程有较大影响,当C/N比从7∶1降低至3∶1,NH⁺₄-N去除率由89.51%±1.24%增至92.70%±1.08%,NO^-₂-N浓度由(4.84±0.50)mg/L降至0 mg/L,NO^-₃-N浓度由(0.47±0.29)mg/L升至(8.12±0.25)mg/L。C/N比的降低提高了比氨氧化速率、比亚硝酸盐氧化速率和与硝化相关的微生物酶活性,但降低了比耗氧速率、比硝酸盐还原速率、比亚硝酸盐还原速率、脱氢酶活性和与反硝化相关的微生物酶活性。松散型胞外聚合物和紧密型胞外聚合物的多糖含量随C/N比的降低而降低,说明在低COD条件下,多糖能够被微生物利用。微生物群落的丰富度和多样性随C/N比的降低而降低,硝化菌属(Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira)和反硝化菌属(Azoarcus、Comamonas、Hyphomicrobium、Paracoccus、Thauera、Devosia、Pseudomonas和Rhodanobacter)的相对丰度发生改变,从而影响MBBR脱氮性能。  相似文献   

生物技术清洁生产替代高污染化学法制备甲壳素的研究与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

周湘池  刘必谦  郭春苹  王亚军 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(5):517-522

从虾壳中分离到一株乳杆菌BR-3,研究发现其最佳发酵起始pH为6.50,最佳培养温度为35℃,在此培养温度下达到对数生长期的时间为42h。采用乳杆菌发酵方法,进行了虾壳制备甲壳素的研究,比较了接种量、葡萄糖加入量、发酵时间等因素对产品质量的影响。结果表明,当接种量为10%、葡萄糖浓度为4.5%、固液比为1︰3、发酵温度为(35±2)℃、发酵时间为3—4d时,平均灰分去除率达95.67%,甲壳素产品灰分含量均小于6%,最低可达1%,产品质量等于或优于传统的酸碱生产方法。发酵液可部分或全部回收,洗涤废水可作下一轮发酵用水,生产废水接近零排放。虾壳乳酸发酵法生产甲壳素是一种清洁生产方法。BR-3培养时间短,培养条件粗放,温度和pH适应范围宽,产酸效率高,残糖少,适合于工业化生产。  相似文献   

Marine Yeasts and Their Applications in Mariculture   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

CHI Zhenming LIU Zhiqiang GAO Lingmei GONG Fang MA Chunling WANG Xianghong LI Haifeng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(3):251-256

1Introduction Becauseyeastscanproducemanybioactivesubstan ces,suchasprotein,aminoacids,vitamin,polysac charide,fattyacid,phospholipid,polyamine,astax anthin,βcarotenoid,trehalose,glutathione,superox idedismutase,chitinase,amylase,phytase,protease,killert…  相似文献   

Metabolic and Phylogenetic Profile of Bacterial Community in Guishan Coastal Water（Pearl River Estuary）, South China Sea     

HU Xiaojuan  ;LIU Qing  ;LI Zhuojia  ;HE Zhili  ;GONG Yingxue  ;CAO Yucheng  ;YANG Yufeng 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(5):857-864

Characteristics of a microbial community are important as they indicate the status of aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the metabolic and phylogenetic profile of the bacterioplankton community in Guishan coastal water（Pearl River Estuary）, South China Sea, at 12 sites（S1–S12） were explored by community-level physiological profiling（CLPP） with BIOLOG Eco-plate and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE）. Our results showed that the core mariculture area（S6, S7 and S8） and the sites associating with human activity and sewage discharge（S11 and S12） had higher microbial metabolic capability and bacterial community diversity than others（S1–5, S9–10）. Especially, the diversity index of S11 and S12 calculated from both CLPP and DGGE data（H 3.2） was higher than that of others as sewage discharge may increase water nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient. The bacterial community structure of S6, S8, S11 and S12 was greatly influenced by total phosphorous, salinity and total nitrogen. Based on DGGE fingerprinting, proteobacteria, especially γ- and α-proteobacteria, were found dominant at all sites. In conclusion, the aquaculture area and wharf had high microbial metabolic capability. The structure and composition of bacterial community were closely related to the level of phosphorus, salinity and nitrogen.  相似文献